Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition affecting the part of the brain that deals with communication and social skills. This impacts a person’s social interaction, communication and behaviour across multiple settings and outside what is perceived as normal, causing impairment of that person’s function. Persons with autism may experience extreme distress at changes in routine, transitions and socializing. Symptoms range on a diverse spectrum from mild to severe with significant impairment, hence the term “autism spectrum disorder”.
The condition is often diagnosed in childhood but may become apparent only later in adult life. It is lifelong and there is no cure.
Therapy with psychosocial interventions that target behaviour and language skills is of benefit and some persons may live normal lives. In severe cases medicines are used to manage disorders associated with behaviour aggression, sleep, mental health and seizures. Care and support should be delivered at an individual, family, community and societal level to optimize wellbeing and create an environment of inclusivity.
Dr. Joanne Paul-Charles MBBS, Dipl, MSc, DM Family Medicine
Lecturer Cave Hill Campus UWI & Family Medicine Physician